Sources 1) Unpublished data from an external pre-clinical study. 2) Clinical Case Analysis: Comparison of OdneClean Advanced Irrigation and Standard Needle Irrigation (SNI) /sonic activation; Dr. Tung Bui 3) Independent case analysis #741, #744 indicates improved debridement compared to SNI; Pacific Endodontic Research Foundation 4) Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, a CLSM and SEM study; Ya Shen et.al, BMC Oral Health, 25(1), 95. 5) Internal data comparing to Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) using NaOCl